| 8 | | * How is an array allocated? An array variable `a` is declared with a decl such as `T a[];`, and then a statement such as `a=$new(T[n]);` will assign to a new arbitrary array value for an array of length `n` of elements of type `T`. For heap-allocation, a pointer is declared with a decl such as `T * p`, and a heap variable is also declared somewhere with a decl such as `$heap heap;` and then a statement such as `p = $alloc(&heap, n, T);`; it can be deallocated with `$free(p);`. |
| 9 | | * how to initialize a variable (what are initial values?) |
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| | 9 | Do variables have initial values?:: No, a declared variable must be initialized before it is used. |
| | 10 | How do you initialize a variable?:: By assigning a value to it. For example `n=$new($int);` will assign `n` an arbitrary integer, while `n=0;` will assign the integer `0` to `n. |
| | 11 | How is an array allocated?:: An array variable `a` is declared with a decl such as `T a[];`, and then a statement such as `a=$new(T[n]);` will assign to `a` a new arbitrary array value for an array of length `n` of elements of type `T`. For heap-allocation, a pointer is declared with a decl such as `T * p;`, and a heap variable is also declared somewhere with a decl such as `$heap heap;` and then a statement such as `p = $alloc(&heap, n, T);` will add a new object to the heap and return a pointer to the first element. An `$alloc`-ed object can be deallocated with `$free(p);`. |
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