source: CIVL/examples/accuracy/upwindFirstOrder.cvl@ bb03188

/* First-order "upwind" scheme for 1-dim. advection. 
 * Uses forward differencing in time and makes a choice of forward
 * or backward differencing in space based on the direction of the fluid flow.
 * First-order accurate in space and time.
 * To verify with CIVL:
 *              civl verify upwindFirstOrder.cvl
 */

$input int n; // Number of points
$assume(n >= 1);
$input double h;  // Distance between points
$assume(0<h && h<1);
$input double dt; // Duration of a time step
$assume(0<dt && dt<1);
$input double a;  // Constant for wave velocity
$assume(a != 0);
$input double u1[n]; // initial values
// u:R^2->R has 2 continuous derivatives in [-1,1]x[0,100]
$abstract $differentiable(2, [-1,1],[0,100]) $real u($real x, $real t);
$input int step; // some arbitrary time step
$assume(step >= 0);

double v[n];
double v_new[n];

void upwindForward() {
  /*@ loop invariant $forall (int j:1..i-1) v_new[j] == v[j] - dt*a*(v[j+1]-v[j])/h;
    @ loop invariant 1<=i && i<=n-1;
    @ loop assigns i, v_new[1..n-2];
    @*/
  for (int i = 1; i < n-1; i++) {
          v_new[i] = v[i] - dt*a*(v[i+1] - v[i])/h;
  }
}

void upwindBackward() {
  /*@ loop invariant $forall (int j:1..i-1) v_new[j] == v[j] - dt*a*(v[j]-v[j-1])/h;
    @ loop invariant 1<=i && i<=n-1;
    @ loop assigns i, v_new[1..n-2];
    @*/
  for (int i = 1; i < n-1; i++) {
          v_new[i] = v[i] - dt*a*(v[i] - v[i-1])/h;
  }
}

void upwind() {
  if (a > 0)
    upwindBackward();
  else 
    upwindForward();
  /*@ loop invariant 1<=i && i<=n-1;
    @ loop invariant $forall (int j:1..i-1) v[j] == v_new[j];
    @ loop assigns i, v[1..n-2];
    @*/
  for (int i = 1; i < n-1; i++) {
          v[i] = v_new[i];
  }     
}

void main() {
  $assume(n*h <= 1);
  $assume(step*dt < 100);
  $assume($forall (int i:0..n-1) v[i] == u(i*h, step*dt));
  /*@ loop invariant 0<=i && i<=n;
    @ loop invariant $forall (int j:0..i-1) v[j] == u1[j];
    @ loop assigns i, v[0..n-1];
    @*/
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    v[i] = u1[i];
  }
  upwind();
  $assert($uniform (int i:1..n-2) 
    (u(i*h, (step+1)*dt)-v[i])/dt - $D[u,{t,1}](i*h, step*dt) - a*$D[u,{x,1}](i*h, step*dt) 
    == $O(dt) + $O(h));
}